Asthma inhalers: how to choose, use, and keep them working

One quick puff can stop a tightening chest in minutes — if you use the right inhaler the right way. This page gives clear, practical help on what inhalers do, which type you might need, and simple steps to use and care for them. No fluff, just the basics that help you breathe easier.

Types of inhalers and what they do

There are two main categories: rescue inhalers and controller inhalers. Rescue inhalers (short-acting bronchodilators) — think albuterol — provide fast relief during an attack. Controller inhalers (usually steroid-based or combined steroid+long-acting bronchodilator) reduce inflammation and prevent symptoms over time. Some inhalers are dry powder devices, others are pressurized metered-dose inhalers (pMDIs). Your doctor chooses based on your needs, age, and how well you can use the device.

How to use your inhaler correctly

Technique matters. For a pMDI: shake, exhale fully, seal lips around the mouthpiece, press the canister and inhale slowly and deeply, hold your breath for 5–10 seconds, then exhale. If you struggle with timing, use a spacer — it makes life easier and delivers more medicine to your lungs. For a dry powder inhaler: load the dose, breathe out away from the device, put it in your mouth, inhale quickly and deeply, then hold your breath. Always read the instructions that come with your device.

Common mistakes: not shaking the inhaler, inhaling too fast or too slow, and skipping the breath-hold. If you use a steroid inhaler, rinse your mouth after each dose to reduce the chance of thrush (oral yeast infection).

Check the dose counter regularly. Many inhalers show how many doses are left. If yours doesn’t, keep track on your phone or calendar. Never guess — running out during an attack is risky.

Storage and maintenance are simple but important. Keep inhalers away from heat and direct sunlight. Clean mouthpieces weekly — follow the manufacturer steps. For spacers, wash and air dry per instructions. Replace inhalers after the expiration date, or when the counter hits zero, even if the canister still sounds like it has liquid.

Choosing the right inhaler involves more than medicine. Think about cost, insurance coverage, how easy the device is to use, and whether you can carry it comfortably. Talk to your doctor about generic options or patient assistance programs if price is a barrier.

When to seek help: if rescue inhaler use increases (more than twice a week for symptoms), if you wake at night with asthma, or if you need more than your usual dose during an attack, contact your provider. Have an action plan that lists your inhalers, how to use them, and when to call for emergency care.

Quick checklist: know which inhaler is your rescue vs controller, practice technique with a nurse or pharmacist, use a spacer if recommended, track doses, and keep backups at home and work. Small habits make a big difference when you need that next breath.